Component 3: Status and Trends of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Southeast Asia (STF)
3. PROGRESS No Progress Activity
3.4. Captive Broodstock Development and Seed Production
3.4.1. Development of specific pathogen free (SPF) shrimp (P. monodon, P. vannamei) broodstock
(1) Genetic characterization of P. monodon broodstock
• Samples were collected from Bohol, Roxas and Bacolod.
The Thirtieth Meeting of the SEAFDEC Program Committee, 26-28 November 2007
• DNA were extracted and 16SmtDNA was successfully PCR-amplified.
• Processing of samples for genetic variability analysis has started.
• Preliminary observation shows genetic differences between stocks.
• Parameters estimating genetic variation can only be computed after all the samples have been analyzed.
(2) Penaeus monodon broodstock development: Studies on improvement of maturation of pond- reared Penaeus monodon broodstock
• Two batches (2 of 4 batches were pathogen-free) of young prawns (30 - 50 g) have been grown to broodstock size (80 - 100 g).
• The effects of various combinations on mating and spawning have been studied.
• 3 females from Batch 1 and 1 female from Batch 2 were matured without ablation, but spawning was achieved only after ablation.
• In tanks with the sex ratio of 1 female to 1 male, 100% were mated.
• In tanks with sex ratio of 1 female to 2 males, only 40% were mated.
• The effects of separation of males and females on % mating were studied.
• Males and females that were previously separated then mixed had % mating of 50-60% and
those that were mixed from the start of culture had 67-100%.
• A total of 2 batches of F1 have been produced, but the fecundity (32,000) and hatching rate (15%) was low.
• The first batch of F1 has grown to 5-10g while the 2nd batch is still at the PL15 stage.
• The bigger juveniles from F1 batch were stocked in another tank and will later be used as broodstock when the desired size has been reached.
(3) Information exchange on status of P. monodon captive broodstock development in the region and the possible impact of the introduction of P. vannamei in the region
•Information has been collected from SEAFDEC member countries, India and Australia.
Major information is as follows:
P. monodon breeding program:
• Thailand, Malaysia and Philippines have on-going activities on the domestication of P. monodon.
• India has established facilities in the Andaman and Nicobar Is. to domesticate P. monodon and produce SPF and high health shrimp.F1 generation has been produced.
• Shrimp Culture Research and Development Company Ltd. had produced F6 domesticated P.
monodon.
• Tahi Union Feed Mill formed joint venture with HH Aquaculture to produce SPF fast growing and TSV resistant shrimp nauplii and post larvae.
• In Malaysia, the performance of SPF P. monodon improved 50-80% in grow-out pond. Bacterial floc system is used for intensive ponds.
• In the Philippines, 2 batches of F1 have been produced.
P. vannamei and other exotic shrimps:
• Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam are into P. vannamei culture as an alternative to P. monodon since early 2000.
• In Brunei Darussalam started the culture of P. stylirostris in 2000.
• In USA, postlarvae are grown to broodstock size and sold to operators in Malaysia, Indonesia and Myanmar. Vietnam has also jointed the league of white shrimp producers.
• In the Philippines, the ban that prohibits the entry of exotic shrimps was lifted in 2007 hence, several shrimp growers are now growing P. vannamei. Occurrence of P. vannamei in local waters has been reported due to mass release of stocks by scared growers before the lifting of the ban, and floods.
• The collected information has been summed up and will be networked.
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Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
3.4.2 Domestication of Mud Crab Scylla serrata
• Mud crab from Catarman (Samar), Camarinas Norte, Surigao Norte and Buguey (Cagayan) were collected for genetic diversity analysis and husbandry.
• Crabs were screened for viruses: WSSV, IHHNV, GAV, YHV and TSV.
• Results of screening showed that all crabs from Camarines Norte, Samar and Surigao were negative for the five viruses.
• Crabs from Cagayan were negative for the viruses except for 2 crabs (out of 5 crabs examined) which were found to be positive for IHHNV.
• The virus negative-crabs from all the sources were selected and maintained in maturation tanks, and reproductive performance was evaluated.
• Crabs from Cagayan (7,381 zoeae/g BW female) and Camarines Norte (20 zoeae/g BW female) had one hatching each. Crabs from Samar had 7 hatching (2,267-4,759 zoeae/g BW female).
• To date, crabs from first generation are in the megalopa and juvenile stages.
* Additional activities:
• Seminar workshop on stock enhancement and aquaculture of tropical species was conducted at SEAFDEC AQD on 22 November 2007, with partial financial support of the SEAFDEC Technical Support Group of Japan. Two Japanese and one Vietnamese experts, in addition to 8 AQD experts, were invited as the speakers. The seminar work shop was convened to highlight up-to-date achievements and provide a venue for the exchange of ideas and information on recent advances in seed production, stock enhancement and aquaculture of tropical species.
List of activities which were not implemented in 2007
The following is the list of activities which were not implemented in 2007 because of the limited budget, although the activities were approved for 2006-2010, prioritized during the December 2005 Planning Workshop, endorsed for implementation by the SEAFDEC Program Committee during its 28th Meeting in December 2005, and subsequently approved by the SEAFDEC Council at its 38th Meeting in Brunei Darussalam in April 2006.
Activity 1: Freshwater Aquaculture of Indigenous Species 1.1 Genetic Improvement of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
(1) Publication of Manual on Protocols for Genetic Improvement of M. rosenbergii 1.2 Genetic Characterization of Pangasius spp. in member countries
(1) Genetic characterization of Pangasius spp. in member countries
(2) Publication of Manual on Broodstock Development of Pangasius boucourti
(3) Information exchange on progress of genetic characterization, broodstock development and seed production of Pangasius spp.
1.3 Other Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species
(1) Information exchange on priority indigenous species being worked on in the member countries
Activity 2: Integrated Aquaculture System 2.1 Rice-Fish Aquaculture
(1) Pesticide analysis on fish from rice-fish systems 2.2 Culture Technologies for Tilapia
(1) Translation of Tilapia Manuals of AQD to different languages in the region (Khmer, Lao, Vietnamese, Thai)
(2) Training on tilapia hatchery and grow-out for technical staff and extension officers (on-site)
Activity 3: Coastal Aquaculture and Mariculture 3.1 Grouper Seed Production
(1) Training on grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) seed production in Indonesia (2) Information exchange on grouper seed production and broodstock development 3.2 Mud Crab Seed Production and Grow-out Culture (including fattening and soft-shell
culture)
The Thirtieth Meeting of the SEAFDEC Program Committee, 26-28 November 2007
(1) Translation of the Mud Crab Manual into the different languages in the region (Bahasa Melayu, Burmese, Khmer, Thai, Filipino)
(2) Attachment training for representatives from ASEAN countries on mud crab aquaculture in RIA3, Vietnam
3.3 Seed Production and Grow-out Culture of Abalone
(1) Site visit to commercial grow-out abalone farms in Thailand 3.4 Milkfish Seed Production and Grow-out Culture
(1) Technical assistance for establishment of milkfish hatchery in Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand
(2) Pilot demonstration for grow-out culture of milkfish in Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand
3.5 Siganid Seed Production and Grow-out Culture
(1) Technical assistance for siganid hatchery starting with Vietnam and Myanmar (2) Pilot demonstration for grow-out culture of siganids in Vietnam
3.6 Seaweeds
(1) Improvement of seaweeds strain (Eucheuma spp., Kappaphycus spp.) 3.7 Feeds and Nutrition for Small-scale Aquaculture
(2) Establishment of database on nutritional requirements of commercially important aquaculture species
(3) Establishment of database on composition of ingredients for aquaculture feeds 3.8 Seed Production and Grow-out of Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)
(1) Information exchange on status of cobia culture in the region 3.9 Mariculture Park (Marine Aqua-Industrial Park)
(1) Study visit of ASEAN representatives to Mariculture Parks in the Philippines Activity 4: Captive Broodstock Development and Seed Production
4.2 Marine Fishes Broodstock Development
(1) Information exchange on marine fish (e.g., siganids, grouper, milkfish) broodstock development in the region (including transport and handling)
4. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR 2008