Coordination by the project leader

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Achievements based on Activities Duration Remarks

 Sea cucumber fishery profiling

 Sandfish fishery management

2.2 Stock enhancement of donkey’s ear abalone, Haliotis asinina (This sub-activity was finished in December 2012)

2.3 Stock enhancement of mud crab, Scylla spp.

 Collect broodstock of the most dominant mud crab species in the study site

2.4 Socioeconomic analysis and identification of strategies for managing released stocks of abalone and sea cucumber in the Philippines

 Monitor the participation of stakeholders in the community-based resource enhancement demo-site

 Monitor the overall performance of the released stocks

 Conduct ocular survey of Sitio Punta Romain and a meeting with SMR, BFARMC, and local peoples’ organization

 Conduct periodic release of hatchery-bred juveniles originating from local stock to sustain harvest and maintain stocks

 Conduct training and policy advise to support livelihoods

3. Establishment of adaptive measures supporting resource enhancement

61 3.2.2 Expected Final Goal of the Project:

 To establish mass production technology and broodstock management, and to develop methodology of stock enhancement practice of internationally threatened species (species listed in CITES)

 To establish release strategies of regionally over-exploited species, and to verify the effectiveness of community-based management of the resources and socioeconomic strategies

 To establish adaptive measures supporting resource enhancement for a changing environment

 To disseminate and demonstrate resource enhancement practices 3.2.3 “Steps” Toward Achieving Final Goal:

Step 1:

 Refinement of seed production and reproduction technologies of CITES-listed species

 Gathering baseline information of regionally over-exploited species and fisheries community

 Gathering baseline information of environmental factors in selected study sites

 Implementation of training course Step 2:

 Development of release technology and establishment of spawning induction technology

 Habitat and population profiling, releasing experiments, and seminars and on-site training

 Analyses of relationships between environmental factors and biological characteristics

 Dissemination of resource enhancement practices Step 3:

 Biological and cost assessment for release program, and community-based farming and restocking

 Continuing juvenile production, monitoring for stock releases, assessment of impact of releases, and identification of socioeconomic management strategies

 Development of adaptive measures supporting resource enhancement for a changing environment

 Workshop/seminar

3.2.4 Activities in the Current Project:

(1) Current position of the project: Step 3 (2) Program duration: 2010 - 2014 (3) Main activities:

• Stock enhancement of internationally threatened species (species listed in CITES) - Stock enhancement of seahorses, Hippocampus comes and H. barbouri

- Stock enhancement of Napoleon wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus

• Stock enhancement of regionally over-exploited species

- Community managed sandfish Holothuria scabra sea ranching and stock release - Stock enhancement of donkey’s ear abalone, Haliotis asinina

- Stock enhancement of mud crab, Scylla spp.

- Socioeconomic analysis and identification of strategies for managing released stocks of abalone and sea cucumber in the Philippines

• Establishment of adaptive measures for a changing environment - Adaptive measures for coral replenishment

• Technology and information transfer on resource enhancement practice through training, publication, and international workshop

3.2.5 Progress and Achievements of the Current Project:

(1) Main activities conducted in the current project

 To establish resource enhancement strategies of CITES species and regionally over-exploited species

 To establish stable seed production technologies appropriate for release, with genetic consideration

 To develop stock enhancement strategies including site assessment, stock release, and monitoring, taking into consideration impact of release on wild population and other species

 To develop a sustainable utilization and exploitation of natural coastal resources through stock enhancement

 To establish management strategies suitable for adoption in fishing communities through lectures/

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 To monitor changing environments and to establish adaptive measures supporting resource enhancement

 To transfer basic technologies and information on stock enhancement to Member Countries (2) Main achievements till the end of 2013 (tentative)

1. Stock enhancement of internationally threatened species Stock enhancement of seahorses

 Monthly on-site assessment at Molocaboc Island, Sagay City was conducted to monitor baseline population of wild seahorses. Seahorses were collected from fringing coral reefs during night time at low tide (~1.0-1.5 m). Gonad development stages of seahorse are graded. No seahorses were sampled in January and February 2013 due to strong waves in the sampling site. Collect samples for DNS study.

Stock enhancement of Napoleon wrasse

 Fin clip samples were obtained from juveniles captured in Guimaras, Tawi-tawi, and Bohol for DNA analyses. Danajon bank having dual barrier reefs in Bohol was selected as a resource enhancement site and authorization of the research activities were issued by Mayors of municipalities facing the bank.

2. Stock enhancement of regionally over-exploited species Community managed sandfish sea ranching and stock release

 Spawning trials using bloodstock obtained in the study site yielded 90,000 larvae.

 Wild stock monitoring survey showed that the density of wild sandfish with sexually mature size density was 4 per 100 sqm.

 A gratuitous permit is being worked out with the Protected Area Management Board for Sagay marine Reserve so that the local partner organization of the stock enhancement study could be given tenurial use rights over the sea ranching and nursery areas.

Stock enhancement of mud crab

 No broodstock was available in the first quarter of 2013. One berried crab was obtained from the site last May but scratched off the embryos from its abdomen after less than a week in the hatchery.

Socioeconomic analysis and identification of strategies for managing released stocks

 Monitoring of community-based resource enhancement is now being done every 2 months instead of monthly to train BFARMC (Barangay Molocaboc Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council) to manage the project independently.

 Partially harvested abalones were sold to a buyer in Vito in the range of PhP270-300/kg live, while abalones captured outside the demo-site were traced to be sold by gleaners to buyer-stockers in Molocaboc at PhP230/kg. These buyer-stockers then sell to the buyer in Vito.

 Fishers in Punta Roma were assisted to plant seaweed which is essential food for abalone. Abalone hatchery was discussed and planned for Punta Roma.

3. Establishment of adaptive measures for a changing environment Adaptive measures for coral replenishment

 Field surveys for coral reef substrates through line-intercept-transect and temperature profiling were done at the three layers of 5, 10, and 15 m depths in coral reef areas along Nogas Island, Anini-y, Antique, Philippines.

 Preliminary data analyses showed that both the coverage of substrates by any types of organisms and by Scleractinia decreased in the deeper layers. Among Scleractinia, Porites sp. occurred predominantly in all the depth layers.

 A new methodology for determination of density of zooxanthellae, symbiont of reef building corals, was developed using the fragments of Porites sp.

(3) Outcomes/Outputs during the project period and expected achievement rate till the end of 2013 (tentative)

Expected outcomes/outputs Achievement rate (%)

 To establish mass production technology and broodstock management, and to develop methodology of stock enhancement practice of internationally threatened species (species listed in CITES)

80%

 To establish release strategies of regionally over-exploited species and to verify the effectiveness of community managed sea ranching and

socioeconomic strategies 80%

 To establish adaptive measures supporting resource enhancement for a

changing environment 80%

 To disseminate and demonstrate resource enhancement practices 80%

63 3.2.6 Evaluation of Project Activities in 2013

The study plans are considered to be appropriately implemented as a whole of this project.

4. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR 2014 4.1 Planning of the Project Activities

Activity/inputs Duration Remarks

Activity 1: Stock enhancement of internationally threatened species (species listed in CITES)

Sub-activity 1.1 Stock enhancement of seahorses, Hippocampus comes and H. barbouri

1) Refine tagging methods on seahorses; 2) Release and monitor F1 seahorse obtained from the local broodstock captured from Molocaboc Is., Sagay; and 3) Collect seahorse tissue samples and analyze the genotype (a collaborative study with Hokkaido Univ.).

Sub-activity 1.2 Stock enhancement of Napoleon wrasse C. undulatus 1) Feeding trials of Napoleon wrasse larvae using potential food organisms which were found out in 2013; 2) Site assessment at Dnanajon reef in Bohol;

3) Collection of fin clip samples from various sites (Guimaras, Bohol, and Tawi-tawi) and the genetic analysis for population structure (a collaborative study with Hokkaido Univ.); and, 4) Establishment of collaboration with LGU for protection of the wild stock including promotion of eco-tourism targeting the local stock of this species.

Activity 2: Stock enhancement of regionally over-exploited species Sub-activity 2.1: Community managed sandfish Holothuria scabra sea

ranching and stock release

1) Work for passing of a resolution on size regulation of sandfish in the project site; 2) More advocacy campaign; 3) Continuing monitoring of habitat and population; 4) Impact evaluation of sandfish stock enhancement in Molocaboc.

Sub-activity 2.2: Stock enhancement of donkey’s ear abalone, Haliotis asinine

( This sub-activity was terminated at the end of 2012)

Sub-activity 2.3: Stock enhancement of mud crab, Scylla spp.

1) Mud crab juveniles will be collected from the study site in Brgy. Nanding Lopez in Dumangas, in case no broodstock is available in the 3^rd quarter of 2013. 2) Regardless of source, crabs will be tagged using micro-wire tagger and released to the mangroves in Brgy. Rojas, Ajuy. 3) Through monitoring survey after release, all crabs (wild and released) will be sampled, and population density and growth between release and recapture will be analyzed. 4) Tissue of both wild and released crabs will be sent to Tohoku University for genetic analysis c/o Dr. Eguia (SEAFDEC/AQD counterpart) and Dr. Ikeda (Tohoku University counterpart).

Sub-activity 2.4: Socioeconomic analysis and identification of strategies for managing released stocks of abalone and sea cucumber in the Philippines 1) Conduct post-project survey to assess overall impacts of stock enhancement among stakeholders in Sagay. 2) Conduct cost-benefit analysis of stock enhancement by analyzing the project cost profile and the value of benefits identified by stakeholders. 3) Establish exit strategies with BFARMC, LGU and the local traders to ensure practice of sustainable fisheries management through stock enhancement and regulated harvesting

Jan – Dec

Jan – Dec

Jan – Dec

Jan – Dec

Jan – Dec

Jan – Dec

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Activity/inputs Duration Remarks

protocols.

Activity 3: Establishment of adaptive measures supporting resource enhancement for a changing environment

Sub-activity 3.1: Adaptive measures for coral replenishment

1) The tank-based pH experiments shall continue to grasp the effect of acidification on coral growth and survival. 2) Survival and health of coral exposed to different temperature shall be compared. 3) Genus/ species compositions in monitoring sites of coral reef will be determined. 4) Temperature profiles will be analyzed. 5) Species-specific susceptibility/

adaptability of coral to adverse environments will be analyzed through genotyping of zooxanthellae.

Activity 4: Training course (No Activity scheduled in 2014) Activity 5: Publication

(No Activity scheduled in 2014)

Activity 6: Annual progress meeting and international workshop Sub-activity 6.1 Annual progress meeting

Annual progress meeting will be held to review the project achievement.

Evaluators will be invited to join the meeting to review/evaluate the project achievements.

Sub-activity 6.2 International workshop

Although initially scheduled in 2013, it was postponed in the first quarter of 2014 in the form of a joint workshop with Sustainable Aquaculture due to the constraint of budget. New information on resource enhancement of internationally threatened and over-exploited species will be presented and discussed by participants from ASEAN Member Countries, resource persons as well as study leaders in this project. Emerging problems that require urgent solutions will also be discussed to pave the way to promote environment-friendly resource enhancement in the Southeast Asian region.

Activity 7: Coordination by the project leader

The project leader will coordinate and assist the research and dissemination, and also facilitate information exchange not only between activities but also among Member Countries so that environment-friendly resource enhancement will be effectively promoted in Southeast Asia. Semi-annual meeting will be held on July or August to confirm the progress of respective activities and sub-activities. Project achievements will be summarized at the end of year. Annual progress report will be prepared.

Jan – Dec

December

March

Jan – Dec

4.2 Expected Outcomes/Outputs of the Year 2014

The envisaged outcomes for the fifth year are: 1) refinement of seed production technology and stock enhancement strategies for internationally threatened and locally severely exploited species; 2) promotion of community-based resource management under the collaboration with LGUs and academe; 3) establishment of protective measures for aquatic environments under climate changes; and 4) practice of sustainable fisheries management through stock enhancement and regulated harvesting protocols.

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Appendix 5 of Annex 4 PROJECT DOCUMENT

Project id: 021002

Program Categories:

Programs under the Fisheries Consultative Group of the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Strategic Partnership (FCG/ASSP) Mechanism

Project Title: Promotion of Sustainable and Region-oriented Aquaculture

Program Thrust: I Total Duration: 5 years (2010-2014) Lead Department: Aquaculture Department Lead Country: Philippines

Project Sponsor: Japanese Trust Fund Project Partner:

Proposed Budget: This year budget:

Prepared by: Teruo Azuma, Deputy Chief

Project Leader: Teruo Azuma, Deputy Chief 1. INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND

Aquaculture is undoubtedly one of the practical ways for addressing the issues of food security and widespread poverty in the Southeast Asian region. To promote sustainable aquaculture practices, however, several issues should be solved through development of region-oriented technologies and knowledge as follows.

Broodstock and fry needed for aquaculture of high valued species still depend mostly on coastal wild resources. Fishing pressure on them has seriously affected the sustainability of the coastal resources.

Domestication and selective breeding of commercially important species would provide stable and reliable supply of quality seeds and thus mitigate the pressure on coastal resources. Particularly, high quality strains obtained through selective breeding are expected to enable small-scale farmers to promote sustainable aquaculture, who are major members in the region.

Most aquaculture practices for commercially-important species necessitate aquaculture feeds, which are highly dependent on wild-caught small marine fish which is usually deemed not suitable for direct human consumption. This has seriously affected the sustainability of coastal fish resources. Improper feeding practices to the cultured species have also led to environmental pollution and degradation. Development of efficient/ low-pollution diets and optimum feeding practices would minimize the negative impacts of aquaculture feeds on the environment. Thus, the development of environment-friendly feeds is crucial to the promotion of sustainable aquaculture in the region.

Intensive aquaculture systems adopted on a large scale aiming to increase production have induced a number of serious problems, including environmental degradation and disease outbreaks, which continue to plague the aquaculture industry in the region. To avoid such problems, we need to design and develop the best farm management techniques in the culture system.

The successful adoption of aquaculture technologies in the ASEAN region may pave the way for livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation of rural communities. However, practical ordinances or policies are still lacking in the level of the local government units, particularly in rural communities. These may constrain the extension and adoption of sustainable aquaculture technologies. To secure livelihood and alleviate poverty in the region, not only technical but also socioeconomic instruction should be implemented.

Specified training focusing on the culture technology of important species such as giant freshwater prawn, mud crab, and black tiger shrimp as well as several marine fish is the pressing need for extending the technologies to the Member Countries to hasten economic development in the region. In addition, to address important role of freshwater aquaculture in providing means of livelihoods and ensuring sustainable food supply to the people particularly in the remote rural areas of Southeast Asia, active promotion of sustainable freshwater aquaculture for rural communities should be undertaken.

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The present project including various activities mentioned above will promote sustainable aquaculture and contribute to livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation in the region.

2. PROJECT

2.1 Goal/Overall Objectives and Performance Indicators:

The project goal is to promote the sustainable and region-oriented aquaculture practices. The project objectives are to:

1) Establish reliable mass production techniques for genetically improved strains of commercially important species and to establish seed production techniques for potential species for aquaculture;

2) Develop environment-friendly and cost-effective practical feeds using ingredients available in the Southeast Asian region and establish guidelines on feeding management for sustainable aquaculture;

3) Develop farm management strategies that eliminate the risk factors through epidemiological and environmental approaches to prevent and control diseases;

4) Identify clear policies for implementing sustainable aquaculture and to recommend policies for enhancing the adoption of suitable aquaculture technologies for the lesser developed countries in the region; and

5) Verify and disseminate the project achievements especially in the less developed countries in the region through demonstration, training, lecture/seminar and publication activities.

The performance indicators are as follows.

1) Genetic selection in mud crab Scylla serrata, black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon, and giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii based on criteria set for producing subsequent generations that exhibit faster growth, better reproductive performance and higher disease resistance, in which genetic monitoring to maintain high genetic variability and identification of possible genetic markers for the selected beneficial traits is applied;

2) Development of hatchery technology of potential species, including breeding, seed production and grow out techniques;

3) Surveys of the availability and quality assessment of feed resources in the Philippines and selected developing countries in Southeast Asia

4) Establishment of feeding management using plant-origin diet to obtain optimal feed performance and to reduce the negative impacts of improper feeding on the environment;

5) Establishment of management scheme to prevent or control shrimp diseases based on analysis of risk factors and epidemiological data;

6) Analyses of the socio-economic impact of the transfer and adoption of aquaculture technologies; and 7) Dissemination of knowledge and technologies for promotion of sustainable and region-oriented

aquaculture practice through training courses and International workshop.

2.2 Expected Outcomes and Outputs:

Expected outcomes are:

1) Promotion of selective breeding technologies in mud cab, black tiger shrimp, and giant freshwater prawn;

2) Refinement of hatchery technology of pompano and spotted scat;

3) Establishment of practical methodology to utilize plant-origin diets for aquaculture production with special reference to giant fresh prawn;

4) Establishment of best farm management scheme for shrimp culture to manage technology of aquaculture environment, and

5) Implementation of training courses on marine fishes hatchery, abalone hatchery, aqua-nutrition on- site training, and rural aquaculture in order to enhance region-oriented sustainable aquaculture.

Expected outputs are:

1) Genetic improvement of commercially important species and development of hatchery technology for potential species;

2) Practical use of environment-friendly feeds for prawn culture;

3) Managing technology of aquaculture environment for shrimp culture;

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4) Socioeconomic assessment and impact analysis of transfer and adoption of sustainable aquaculture technologies; and

5) Technology extension and demonstration 2.3 Project Description/Framework

Activity 1: Genetic improvement of commercially important species and development of hatchery technology

The genetic improvement based on the genetic characterization is focused on important aquaculture species. In addition, hatchery technology of potential species as identified during the 2010 RTC for Sustainable Aquaculture in Southeast Asia towards 2020 will also be developed.

Sub-activity 1.1: Selective breeding of mud crab Scylla serrata

It has been observed that growth of the wild seedstock was faster compared with the hatchery-reared seedstock when grown in brackish water ponds. The selection of S. serrata is tried based on set criteria aimed at producing subsequent generations that exhibit faster growth and better reproductive performance.

In addition, genetic monitoring is employed to maintain high genetic variability and identify possible genetic markers for the selected beneficial traits.

Sub-activity 1.2: Selective breeding of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

A breeding program that considers selection for beneficial heritable traits such as improved growth, disease resistance and breeding performance needs to be implemented to improve seed and broodstock quality and lessen the pressure on wild stocks. Through the selective breeding of black tiger shrimp, the heritability of survival, growth and disease resistance are determined in the local populations.

Sub-activity 1.3: Genetic improvement of giant freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Low seed yield, slow growth, poor production output and other problems associated with inefficient broodstock management are commonly encountered in prawn hatcheries. This sub-activity will try to improve economically important traits such as breeding performance and growth in domesticated giant freshwater prawns. Information on effective broodstock management schemes that can be adopted on farm will be generated.

Sub-activity 1.4: Mass production of plantlets with improved traits

SEAFDEC/AQD has developed a technique enabling development of plantlets through tissue culture.

However, there is a need to pursue further on the different strains available in the farming areas and in the natural waters. Through this activity tissue culture techniques will be developed so that mass production of the “new and improved” plants will be obtained for commercial farming.

Sub-activity 1.5: Development of hatchery techniques of Pompano and Spotted Scat

To preserve the sustainability of coastal wild fish resources, extreme utilization of the limited major species, of which the broodstock and fry are captured for aquaculture, should be restricted. The hatchery technologies of Pompano and spotted scat are developed not only to reduce the negative impact on the wild fish resources but also to benefit the fish farmers as well as the consumers.

Activity 2: Development of environment-friendly feeds using regionally available ingredients

The dwindling supplies of fishmeal, rising cost of feed ingredients, and incomplete information on alternative protein sources substitute for fishmeal are obstacles to sustainable aquaculture production. In addition, feed formulation and production are greatly influenced by availability, price, and quality of feed ingredients. The development of cost-effective and low pollution feeds based on plant protein sources is needed for aquaculture of the major marine fishes and crustaceans that are economically important in the Southeast Asian region. A survey of availability and quality assessment of feed resources in the Philippines and selected developing countries in Southeast Asia would also insure sustainable fish production in future.

Sub-activity 2.1: Development of efficient and low pollution feeds for grow-out and broodstock (freshwater prawn, milkfish, grouper, mud crab, and black tiger shrimp)

The present sub-activity tries to develop cost-efficient and low pollution aqua-feeds for the grow-out and broodstock stages of freshwater prawn, shrimp, grouper, milkfish and mud crab, through determination of

In document THE THIRTY-SIXTH MEETING OF THE PROGRAM COMMITTEE OF THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT CENTER (pahina 76-86)